How did a californian pump work?

A Californian pump, also known as a "Californian pump jack," operates using a mechanical system to extract oil from underground reservoirs. The pump consists of a walking beam, driven by a motor or horse, that pivots to create a reciprocating motion. This motion drives a piston in a cylinder to lift oil from deep wells to the surface. Its design allows for efficient extraction in areas where oil is found at varying depths.