What types of igneous rocks form on or very near earths surface?

Igneous rocks that form on or very near Earth's surface are known as extrusive or volcanic rocks. These rocks are created when magma erupts onto the surface as lava, cools quickly, and solidifies. Common examples include basalt and pumice, which often have a fine-grained texture due to the rapid cooling process. In contrast, intrusive or plutonic rocks, like granite, form deeper within the Earth and cool more slowly.