The gave the national government the power to prevent states from violating the rights of their citizens granted the freed slaves citizenship and gave the federal courts the power to oversee state leg?

The government granted the national authority to protect citizens' rights, particularly for freed slaves, by enacting the 14th Amendment. This amendment conferred citizenship upon all individuals born or naturalized in the United States and prohibited states from denying any person equal protection under the law. Additionally, it empowered federal courts to intervene in state legislation to ensure compliance with these rights. This framework aimed to safeguard civil liberties and promote equality across the nation.