What tragic racial situation is illustrated in this chapter How does it apply to the theme?

The book illustrates segregation that is going on between blacks and whites in Maycomb County. Atticus is a white lawyer who defends a black man who is convicted of rape. The neighbors are white and argue with Atticus, but Atticus believes blacks and whites are equal, and that it is a sin To Kill a Mockingbird; in this context it is a sin to kill a man who has done nothing wrong, and killing him only because of the color of his skin.

Also when the book refers to a black man, a character may say the Word 'ni**er', or 'negro'. This book has been banned in several countries in South America because segregation still occurs and they don't agree with the storyline of this book.