What is the tests commonly administered as a precondition for voting?

Commonly administered tests as a precondition for voting historically included literacy tests and understanding clauses, which assessed a voter's ability to read and comprehend the ballot or the Constitution. These tests were often used discriminatorily, particularly against African American voters and other marginalized groups, leading to significant voter suppression. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to eliminate such practices, declaring them unconstitutional. Today, the focus is primarily on voter registration processes rather than tests.