The area along a river that forms from sediments deposited when the river overflows its banks is called a floodplain. This flat, low-lying land is periodically inundated during floods, allowing sediments to accumulate and enrich the soil. Alluvial fans and deltas are different depositional features formed by rivers, but they are not specifically the areas formed by overflow; instead, they occur at the river's mouth or when the river meets a larger body of water.
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