How were Native Americans in the Northwest able to establish permanent settlements without farming?

Native Americans in the Northwest established permanent settlements primarily due to their rich Natural Resources, particularly abundant fish, such as salmon, and other marine life, which provided a reliable food source. They utilized advanced fishing techniques, including canoes and fish traps, to sustain their communities. Additionally, they engaged in foraging for wild plants and game, allowing them to thrive in their environment without the need for agriculture. The region's temperate climate and diverse ecosystems further supported their sedentary lifestyle.