What are Phenotypes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Phenotypes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) primarily include progressive muscle weakness and degeneration, typically beginning in early childhood. Affected individuals often display difficulty with motor skills, such as running and jumping, and may experience muscle wasting, particularly in the legs and pelvis. Other phenotypic features can include cardiomyopathy, respiratory complications, and cognitive impairments. As the disease progresses, loss of ambulation usually occurs by the teenage years, leading to increased dependence on wheelchairs and supportive care.