Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution through natural selection after several key events. First, his voyage on the HMS Beagle (1831-1836) exposed him to diverse species and ecosystems, particularly the Galápagos Islands, where he observed variations among finch species. Second, his study of artificial selection in domesticated animals revealed how selection pressures could lead to significant changes over generations. Lastly, his exposure to the ideas of Thomas Malthus on population growth and competition highlighted the struggle for survival, which influenced his understanding of natural selection.
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