What theory of color vision explains that fatigue caused by making one response produces an afterimage of the opposite color as the system recovers?

The theory of color vision that explains this phenomenon is the opponent-process theory. According to this theory, colors are perceived through opposing pairs: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. When one color in a pair is stimulated for an extended period, it can lead to fatigue, causing the perception of the opposing color when the stimulus is removed, resulting in an afterimage. This mechanism helps explain why we see complementary colors after staring at a colored image for a while.