The major perspectives on modern nation-states include the realist perspective, which emphasizes power, security, and self-interest in state behavior; the liberal perspective, which focuses on cooperation, democracy, and economic interdependence among states; and the constructivist perspective, which stresses the role of ideas, norms, and identities in shaping state behavior and international relations. These perspectives offer different insights into how nation-states interact with each other and the global system.
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