How many German civillians died in allied air raids?

During World War II, it is estimated that approximately 400,000 to 600,000 German civilians died as a result of Allied air raids. These bombings targeted industrial sites, transportation hubs, and urban centers, leading to significant civilian casualties. The most devastating raids occurred in major cities like Dresden and Hamburg, where large numbers of civilians were killed and infrastructure was heavily damaged. The exact number of civilian deaths remains difficult to determine due to the chaotic nature of the war and the destruction of records.