What are the waste products from refining synthetic crude oil from the ter sands of Alberta?

The refining of synthetic crude oil from Alberta's oil sands produces several waste products, including greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, as well as water that may be contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants. Additionally, solid waste materials, such as tailings, which are a mixture of water, sand, clay, and residual bitumen, are generated. These waste products pose environmental challenges, particularly in terms of land and water contamination. Efforts are ongoing to mitigate these impacts through various technologies and regulatory measures.