What is saltation in rivers?

Saltation in rivers refers to the process by which sediment particles, typically sand or gravel, are lifted and temporarily suspended in the water, then transported downstream in a series of bouncing or hopping movements. This occurs when the flow of water is strong enough to overcome the gravitational force holding the particles on the riverbed. Saltation plays a crucial role in riverbed erosion and sediment transport, contributing to the shaping of river landscapes. It is distinct from both suspension, where particles are carried along with the water flow, and traction, where larger particles roll or slide along the riverbed.