How does the process of protein synthesis occur within a cell, specifically focusing on the role of ribosomes in assembling proteins?

During protein synthesis, the cell uses ribosomes to read the genetic instructions in messenger RNA (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into a protein chain. The ribosomes move along the mRNA, matching each codon with the corresponding tRNA carrying the specific amino acid. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, signaling the completion of the protein chain. The ribosomes then release the newly formed protein, which can go on to perform its specific functions within the cell.