What are the six ways to to resolve union and management differences when collective bargaining fails?

When collective bargaining fails, six ways to resolve union and management differences include mediation, where a neutral third party facilitates negotiations; arbitration, where an arbitrator makes a binding decision; fact-finding, where an independent party investigates and reports on the issues; interest-based bargaining, focusing on mutual interests rather than positions; cooling-off periods, allowing time for emotions to settle; and strikes or lockouts, which can compel parties to return to the negotiation table. Each method aims to foster dialogue and find a mutually acceptable resolution.