What are 3 changes with age to tunica media?

As individuals age, the tunica media, the middle layer of blood vessels, undergoes several changes. First, there is a reduction in elastic fibers, leading to decreased elasticity and increased stiffness of the blood vessels. Second, the smooth muscle cells may undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia, contributing to vascular remodeling. Lastly, age-related calcification can occur, further compromising the flexibility and function of the tunica media.