How do astronautes control temperature in space?

Astronauts control temperature in space primarily through their spacesuits and the spacecraft's life support systems. Spacesuits are equipped with a Thermal Control System that includes layers of insulation and a liquid cooling and ventilation garment, which circulates water to absorb heat from the body. Inside the spacecraft, temperature is regulated using thermal insulation materials and active systems that manage heat exchange with the environment. These systems ensure that astronauts remain comfortable and safe in the extreme temperatures of space.