What are the two factors that affect the arrangement of particles in a substance?

The two main factors that affect the arrangement of particles in a substance are temperature and pressure. Increased temperature generally causes particles to gain energy and move apart, leading to a less ordered arrangement, as seen in gases. Conversely, higher pressure can compress particles closer together, often resulting in a more structured arrangement, especially in solids and liquids. These factors play a crucial role in determining the state and properties of a substance.