What are the merits and demerits of machine language?

Merits: Machine language allows for direct communication with the computer hardware, resulting in very fast and efficient execution of instructions. It is also not dependent on any translator programs for execution.

Demerits: Writing programs directly in machine language is very complex and error-prone, making it difficult for programmers to work with. It is also platform-dependent, meaning programs may need to be rewritten for different hardware architectures.