Which protocols are used to format digital messages for IPAWS?

The Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) primarily uses the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) to format digital messages. CAP is an XML-based data format designed to support the dissemination of alerts and warnings across various communication systems. Additionally, IPAWS may also utilize the Emergency Alert System (EAS) and the Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) as part of its messaging protocols, but CAP serves as the foundational format for message structuring.