How did West African empires gain there wealth?

West African empires, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, gained wealth primarily through control of trans-Saharan trade routes. They traded valuable commodities like gold, salt, and ivory, which were in high demand in both Africa and Europe. Additionally, these empires established strong agricultural practices and used taxes on trade to further enhance their wealth and power. The strategic location of these empires allowed them to become crucial hubs for commerce and cultural exchange.