Can cigarette smokes be filtered out by water?

Sure, it can be... Smoking shisha pipes is very common in the Middle East and all over the world..

Pulling flavoured sweet tobacco mixes through a water pipe is a very pleasant smoking experience...

I don't think that there are many health benefits from the filtration though, I'm sure some carcinogenic chemicals are suspended in the water as the smoke is cooled by it but there's a lot of bad things in tobacco smoke, far more than the chemicals that are kept out by water filtration!!

It's mostly done for cooling the smoke, which means you pull longer and harder and may even smoke more bad stuff than just smoking directly!