When does pseudo aneurysm require surgery?

A pseudoaneurysm typically requires surgical intervention when it causes significant symptoms, such as pain or swelling, or if there is a risk of rupture. Surgery may also be indicated if the pseudoaneurysm is expanding or if it does not respond to conservative treatments like ultrasound-guided compression or thrombin injection. Additionally, if the pseudoaneurysm is located in a critical area that poses a risk to surrounding structures, surgical repair may be necessary.