What are the causes and effects of withdrawal?

Withdrawal can occur when an individual abruptly reduces or stops the use of a substance they are dependent on, such as alcohol or drugs. Causes include physical dependence, psychological cravings, and environmental triggers. The effects can range from mild symptoms like anxiety and irritability to severe complications such as seizures and delirium, depending on the substance and the level of dependence. Overall, withdrawal can significantly impact a person's physical health, mental well-being, and social functioning.