John Calvin and Martin Luther had different theological emphases, particularly regarding predestination and the nature of salvation. Calvin believed in the concept of predestination, asserting that God has already chosen who will be saved and who will be damned, while Luther emphasized justification by faith alone, focusing on individual belief and grace. Additionally, Calvin's views led to a more structured church governance and a significant influence on the development of Reformed theology, whereas Luther's ideas were foundational for the Lutheran tradition and emphasized personal faith and the authority of Scripture. Their differing perspectives shaped the course of the Protestant Reformation in distinct ways.
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