What is zener avalanche?

Zener avalanche refers to the breakdown mechanism in a Zener diode that occurs when the reverse voltage exceeds a certain threshold, known as the Zener breakdown voltage. In this process, both Zener and avalanche breakdown can occur, depending on the diode's voltage rating. At lower voltages, the Zener effect dominates, while at higher voltages, avalanche breakdown becomes significant. This mechanism allows Zener diodes to regulate voltage in circuits by clamping the voltage to a specific level, ensuring stability and protection for sensitive components.