How did southern states resist the ratification of the fifteenth amendment of 1870 affect the number of black men who voted in the north and the south?

Southern states employed various tactics to resist the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, such as implementing literacy tests, poll taxes, and outright intimidation, which significantly suppressed black voter participation in the South. In contrast, these oppressive measures were less prevalent in the North, where black men faced fewer barriers to voting. As a result, while the number of black men voting in the North increased, Southern resistance led to a dramatic decrease in black voter turnout in the South. This disparity highlighted the ongoing struggle for civil rights despite the constitutional guarantees provided by the Fifteenth Amendment.