How was smallpox introduced in central America to south America?

Smallpox was introduced in Central America to South America primarily through European colonizers and explorers during the 16th century. As they moved southward, they brought the virus with them, often unknowingly, leading to devastating outbreaks among Indigenous populations who had no prior exposure or immunity to the disease. The spread was further facilitated by trade routes and the movement of people, resulting in significant mortality and social disruption among the native communities. This epidemiological impact was part of the broader consequences of European colonization in the Americas.