What are congruence transformations?

Congruence transformations, also known as rigid transformations, are operations that alter the position or orientation of a shape without changing its size or shape. The primary types of congruence transformations include translations (sliding), rotations (turning), and reflections (flipping). These transformations preserve distances and angles, meaning the original and transformed shapes remain congruent. As a result, congruence transformations are fundamental in geometry for analyzing the properties of figures.