How is the ground traditionally prepared for a painting?

Traditionally, the ground for a painting is prepared by applying a layer of primer, often made from materials like gesso, which serves to create a smooth, even surface and enhances paint adhesion. The surface is typically sanded to eliminate imperfections and achieve a refined texture. Depending on the medium, artists may also choose to apply multiple layers of gesso, allowing each layer to dry completely before adding the next. This preparation helps ensure the longevity and vibrancy of the finished artwork.