According to Ptolemy, the Earth was at the center of the universe in a geocentric model, with the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars revolving around it in complex orbits. This view dominated for centuries until Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model, placing the Sun at the center of the universe and asserting that the Earth and other planets orbit around it. Copernicus's model simplified the understanding of celestial movements and challenged the long-held Ptolemaic system.
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