Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by the absolute monarchy, with King Louis XVI as the reigning monarch until 1789. The government operated under a feudal system, where the king held centralized power, and governance was largely influenced by the clergy and the nobility. The Estates-General, a representative assembly of the three estates (clergy, nobility, and commoners), had not been convened since 1614 until its calling in 1789, shortly before the revolution began.
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