When did the Institutional Review Board originate?

The Institutional Review Board (IRB) originated in the United States in response to ethical concerns regarding human subjects in research, particularly highlighted by the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which lasted from 1932 to 1972. The National Research Act of 1974 established the IRB system, requiring institutions to create committees to oversee research involving human subjects. This act aimed to protect the rights and welfare of participants in research studies.