Why did the loyalty oath required under radical reconstruction disfranchise more confederates?

The loyalty oath required under Radical Reconstruction aimed to ensure that former Confederates pledged allegiance to the Union and accepted the terms of Reconstruction. This requirement effectively disfranchised many Confederates who could not or would not take the oath due to their prior allegiance to the Confederacy, thus limiting their political participation. Additionally, the stringent conditions and the political climate of the time fostered an environment of distrust towards former Confederates, further entrenching their exclusion from the political process. As a result, the loyalty oath served both as a barrier to enfranchisement and as a tool for asserting control over the post-war South.