What is rhesus disease?

Rhesus disease, also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of a pregnant mother and her fetus, specifically involving the Rh factor. If an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, her immune system may produce antibodies against the Rh-positive blood cells, leading to the destruction of the fetus's red blood cells. This can result in anemia, jaundice, and more severe complications if not properly managed. Preventive measures, such as administering Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) to the mother during and after pregnancy, can significantly reduce the risk of this condition.