What key developments separated the modern era from the fifteenth century?

The transition from the fifteenth century to the modern era was marked by several key developments, including the Renaissance, which fostered a renewed interest in art, science, and Humanism. The invention of the printing press around 1440 revolutionized communication and the spread of knowledge, facilitating the Reformation and the rise of literacy. Additionally, the Age of Exploration expanded global trade and cultural exchanges, leading to significant economic and social changes. These developments collectively laid the foundation for the modern world, characterized by scientific advancement and greater interconnectedness.