What are the causes of pacing in zoo animals?

Pacing in zoo animals is often caused by stress, boredom, and lack of stimulation in their environment. Confinement in small spaces can lead to frustration and a natural urge to roam, resulting in repetitive behaviors. Social isolation or inadequate social structures can also contribute, as many species are used to living in groups in the wild. Additionally, the inability to engage in natural behaviors can exacerbate this issue, leading to mental and physical health problems.