How does energy use cause water pollution?

Energy use can lead to water pollution through various processes, particularly in the extraction and production of fossil fuels. For instance, oil spills during drilling and transportation can contaminate water bodies, while coal mining can result in runoff containing heavy metals entering nearby waterways. Additionally, thermal pollution from power plants can elevate water temperatures, disrupting aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing and other energy production methods can leach into groundwater, posing risks to drinking water supplies.