What is the historical back ground of geography?

The historical background of geography dates back to ancient civilizations, with early contributions from the Greeks, such as Eratosthenes, who coined the term "geography" and calculated the Earth's circumference. The Roman Empire further advanced geographic knowledge through extensive mapping and documentation of their territories. During the Middle Ages, Islamic scholars preserved and enhanced geographic knowledge, leading to the development of detailed maps. The Age of Exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries marked a significant turning point, as European explorers expanded geographic understanding through their discoveries of new lands and cultures.