What are substitutes for emulsifying wax?

Substitutes for emulsifying wax include vegetable-based emulsifiers like Polawax, BTMS (Behentrimonium Methosulfate), and cetearyl alcohol combined with a fatty acid. Other options are lecithin, which is derived from soy or sunflower, and soap-based emulsifiers like potassium stearate. Additionally, natural thickeners like xanthan gum or guar gum can help stabilize emulsions when used alongside oils and water.