How did the traditional Hindu doctrines of karma and dharma support the caste system?

Traditional Hindu doctrines of karma and dharma reinforced the Caste System by promoting the belief that an individual's social position is a result of their actions in past lives (karma) and that fulfilling one's duties (dharma) according to their caste is essential for spiritual progress. This ideology justified the social hierarchy, as higher castes were seen as having better karma, while lower castes were often viewed as deserving their status due to past misdeeds. Consequently, the caste system was maintained as individuals adhered to prescribed roles and responsibilities, believing that their adherence would lead to better circumstances in future incarnations.