What is the theory of astable multivibrartor?

An astable multivibrator is a type of electronic oscillator circuit that continuously switches between its two unstable states without requiring any external triggering. It consists of two active devices, typically transistors or operational amplifiers, and feedback components like resistors and capacitors. The circuit generates a square wave output, with the frequency determined by the values of the resistors and capacitors used. Astable multivibrators are commonly used in applications such as clock pulses, timers, and signal generators.