What were the major economic changes in the wset between 1850 and 1880?

Between 1850 and 1880, the Western economies experienced significant transformations driven by industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancements. The rise of factories and mechanized production led to increased productivity and a shift from agrarian to industrial economies. Railroads expanded rapidly, facilitating trade and the movement of goods and people, while the growth of cities attracted labor. Additionally, there was a rise in consumer culture and changes in labor dynamics, including the emergence of a wage-earning working class.