What are the different phases in a game of Magic: The Gathering and how do they impact gameplay?

In a game of Magic: The Gathering, there are different phases: beginning, pre-combat main, combat, post-combat main, and ending. Each phase has specific actions that can be taken, like playing cards or attacking. These phases impact gameplay by creating strategic opportunities for players to make decisions and interact with their opponents, ultimately shaping the flow and outcome of the game.