The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to about 8 to 15 kilometers (5 to 9 miles) in altitude, depending on latitude and weather conditions. It is where most weather phenomena occur, including clouds, rain, and storms, due to the presence of water vapor and temperature variations. The temperature generally decreases with altitude in this layer, which is crucial for the formation of weather systems. Additionally, the troposphere contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and nearly all of its water vapor.
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