What term did the writers of the constitution use to describe a form of government that consists of carefully designed institutions that are responsive to the majority but not captive to it?

The writers of the Constitution referred to this form of government as a "republic." In a republic, elected representatives make decisions on behalf of the citizens, ensuring that the government is accountable to the majority while also protecting the rights of minorities. This design aims to balance popular sovereignty with safeguards against the potential tyranny of the majority.