How nand gate acts as a universal gate?

A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need to

use any other gate type.

The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates.

In practice, this is advantageous since NAND and NOR gates are economical and

easier to fabricate and are the basic gates used in all IC digital logic families.

In fact, an AND gate is typically implemented as a NAND gate followed by an

inverter not the other way around!!

Likewise, an OR gate is typically implemented as a NOR gate followed by an inverter

not the other way around!!

A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need to

use any other gate type.

The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates.

In practice, this is advantageous since NAND and NOR gates are economical and

easier to fabricate and are the basic gates used in all IC digital logic families.

In fact, an AND gate is typically implemented as a NAND gate followed by an

inverter not the other way around!!

Likewise, an OR gate is typically implemented as a NOR gate followed by an inverter

not the other way around!!

can be combined to produce AND, OR,NOT,XOR

and XNOR gates