What are all properties of the stars that can measured from their spectra and light curves?

From their spectra, stars can have various properties measured, including temperature, composition, and surface gravity, which are inferred from the absorption and emission lines present. The presence of specific elements allows for the determination of a star's metallicity. Light curves, which show brightness variations over time, provide insights into a star's luminosity, size, and distance, as well as phenomena like pulsations or eclipses in binary systems. Together, these measurements help classify stars and understand their physical processes and evolutionary stages.