Before a new scientific theory is generally accepted what must happen?

Before a new scientific theory is generally accepted, it must undergo rigorous testing and validation through experimentation and observation. Peer review is essential, where other experts evaluate the research for its methodology, accuracy, and reproducibility. Additionally, the theory should demonstrate explanatory power and consistency with existing knowledge, ideally being able to predict new phenomena. Only after these criteria are met and the scientific community reaches a consensus can the theory gain acceptance.